Final answer:
Filariasis is the parasitic roundworm disease that is transmitted from host to host via mosquito bites. Malaria is also transmitted by mosquitoes but is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium, resulting in severe symptoms like high fever and anemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The parasitic roundworm that is spread from host to host through the bites of mosquitoes is known as filariasis. While malaria, dengue, and Zika are also diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, they are not caused by roundworms. Malaria is a significant disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum and other species within the genus Plasmodium. The life cycle of the malaria parasite is complex, involving both the human and the mosquito. Malaria can result in severe symptoms, including high fevers, chills, and anemia, and is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions due to the environmental conditions preferred by the Anopheles mosquito vectors.