Final answer:
Antacids are designed to neutralize stomach acid using alkaline substances like calcium carbonate, which reacts with HCl in a neutralization reaction to reduce discomfort like heartburn.
Step-by-step explanation:
Antacids are substances designed to neutralize stomach acid to alleviate discomfort caused by excess acid in the stomach, which can lead to conditions like heartburn. Antacids typically contain alkaline ions or bases that react with hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach. For example, calcium carbonate, the active ingredient in Tums, reacts with HCl in a neutralization reaction:
Calcium Carbonate Reaction:
CaCO₃(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl₂ (aq) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)
This reaction not only neutralizes the acid but also produces carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas, which could lead to belching. Other common ingredients in antacids include magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃). However, antacids can have side effects; for instance, those containing magnesium may have a laxative effect, while calcium-containing antacids are not recommended for individuals prone to kidney stones.