Final answer:
Shapes arranged asymmetrically or dynamically in a composition generally require a focal point to maintain visual balance and interest. A focal point can be generated through emphasis by using strategic placement or contrast, and is supported by subordination. Symmetrical balance, on the other hand, typically includes a central focal point and is inherently stable.
Step-by-step explanation:
Arrangements of shapes that create an asymmetrical or dynamic composition generally require a focal point for maintaining visual balance and interest. A focal point can be achieved through various design principles such as Emphasis and Subordination. For example, emphasis can be created by isolating an area through its strategic location or by utilizing differences in color, value, and texture. Subordination refers to areas of lesser importance that support the main focal point, creating a hierarchy within the artwork. On the other hand, symmetrical balance is more visually stable and often has a central anchor.
Artists employ visual balance, which can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial. Symmetrical balance involves mirror-like compositions that are inherently stable and often include a central focal point, such as the symmetry found in natural specimens like the Moon Jellyfish. Asymmetrical balance, which is characterized by offset elements, results in a more dynamic and engaging composition, as seen in some graphic posters from the 1930s. Radial balance, with a focal point usually at the center, creates a sense of movement from the center outwards, like in Buddhist mandala paintings. These principles help to arrange the elements of design in a way that captivates and retains the viewer's attention.
Therefore, arrangements that lack inherent balance, such as those that are asymmetrical, often require a focal point to establish visual equilibrium and to draw the viewer into the work. Understanding and applying these compositional principles can create artwork that is both aesthetically pleasing and conceptually engaging.