Final answer:
The phrase that refers to the unequal distribution of scarce resources in a society based on age is ageism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phrase that refers to the unequal distribution of scarce resources in a society based on age is ageism. Ageism is a form of discrimination that occurs when individuals are treated unfairly or unequally based on their age. In terms of resource distribution, ageism can manifest in various ways, such as limited access to healthcare, employment opportunities, and educational resources based on one's age.
Across nations, this concept is also recognized as global stratification, which can lead to significant disparities in life expectancy and living conditions depending on the country of birth.