Final answer:
Evidence for systematic error in density measurements would include consistent bias in measurement errors or known miscalibration of the measuring instrument. Systematic errors cause inaccuracies by skewing results in a consistent direction, affecting the precision and accuracy of measurements.
Step-by-step explanation:
When assessing the presence of a systematic error in density measurements, evidence can be drawn from repeated consistency in error direction across multiple measurements. If all measurements differ from the expected value by the same amount, or if an instrument used for measurement is known to be miscalibrated (e.g., a ruler slightly shorter than it should be), this would indicate a systematic error. On the contrary, if discrepancies in measurements vary without consistent bias or can be attributed to the measurer's random mistakes, these would be indicative of random errors, not systematic ones.
Systematic errors are problematic because they can lead to inaccuracies that consistently skew results in one direction. Thus, methodical calibration of instruments and procedures is essential to ensure accurate results. If you've determined that the same value of error is present in every calculation, it suggests that there is a systematic error impacting the measured density.