Final answer:
Fracking is a process used to extract gas and oil from shale deposits by injecting a high-pressure mixture of water, sand, and chemicals into the rock. This creates cracks in the rock, allowing the gas and oil to flow out and be collected.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fracking, also known as hydraulic fracturing, is a process used to extract gas and oil from shale deposits. It involves drilling into the earth and injecting a high-pressure mixture of water, sand, and chemicals into the rock. The pressure created causes the rock to crack, and the sand particles hold the cracks open, allowing gas and oil to flow out and be collected.
This method is used for both gas and oil extraction and has become more common in recent decades. It is often used in low-permeability rocks like shale and tight sandstone, where traditional extraction methods are less effective.