Final answer:
Darwinism in federalism tied to the influence of evolution theory on government structure and social policy where the Constitution is seen as adaptable and living. This notion inspired social Darwinism and new federalism that emphasizes states' rights and decentralized policies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phrase 'Darwinism' in the context of federalism typically refers to the application of Charles Darwin's scientific theories to the arena of social and political policy. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social scientists like Herbert Spencer applied the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to justify social structures and policies, a theory known as social Darwinism. This idea influenced various aspects of society, including the economic sphere where business leaders saw competition and success through the lens of biological fitness.
Additionally, the notion that the Constitution should evolve and adapt over time, akin to a living organism, was inspired by Darwin's Theory of Evolution. The legal framework and perspectives on states' rights and federal authority were affected by these concepts. For instance, the model of new federalism, which sought to return policy-making powers to the state level during the administrations of Presidents Nixon and Reagan, can be seen as a reflection of these evolutionary ideas in the realm of government.
Understanding the implications of Darwin's evolutionary theory on society, politics, and federalism helps us to see how the ideologies of a particular science era can permeate much broader aspects of life, including the very structure of government and the interpretation of the Constitution.