Final answer:
In a DNS database, the record that contains the mapping of domain names to IP addresses is called an A record. It converts human-friendly domain names into computer-readable IP addresses. The AAAA record serves a similar function but for IPv6 addresses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The record in a DNS database that holds the name to address mapping for addresses is called an A record (Address Record). This record is used to translate human-friendly domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1) that computers use to identify each other on the network. The A record is essential for the proper functioning of the internet, ensuring that when a user types in a web address, their computer can find the correct server associated with that domain.
Another type of record in DNS for similar purposes but for IPv6 addresses is called an AAAA record. These records perform the same function as A records but for the longer IPv6 addresses, which are necessary due to the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses.
The domain name system is a critical component of internet infrastructure, allowing users to connect to websites without having to memorize complex numeric IP addresses. It operates like a phone book for the internet, converting domain names that are easy for humans to remember into the numerical IP addresses needed for locating and identifying computer services and devices worldwide.