Final answer:
Joseph Glidden invented barbed wire in 1873, which ended the open range and forever changed the American West by allowing ranchers to fence off land.
Step-by-step explanation:
The person who invented barbed wire and brought an end to the open range was Joseph Glidden. His invention in 1873 had a significant impact on the American West, enabling ranchers to fence off large areas of land for private use. This effectively marked the end of the open range, transforming land use and the cattle industry. Joseph Glidden's invention also had an impact on the Native American way of life and was instrumental in changing the face of the American West.