Final answer:
Successive approximations refer to operant conditioning, a method of associative learning where behaviors are modified by their consequences and progressively shaped to match the desired outcome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term "successive approximations" refers to a behavior change methodology known as operant conditioning. This method involves reinforcing behaviors that resemble the desired behavior more and more closely until the desired behavior is achieved. The concept of operant conditioning, a form of associative learning, was notably developed by psychologist B.F. Skinner. In operant conditioning, behaviors are strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow, such as rewards or punishments.
For example, to train a dog to roll over, you would initially reward any attempt that resembles rolling over, such as lying down or turning to the side. Gradually, you would only reward actions that more closely resemble the complete roll-over action until the dog performs the entire sequence on command to receive the reward.