Final answer:
Classic coherent scattering, also known as Thompson scattering, describes the interaction between X-rays and matter with energy levels below 10 keV. Electrons tend to absorb more energy than nuclei due to their smaller mass and easier acceleration.
Step-by-step explanation:
Classic coherent scattering, also known as Thompson scattering, refers to the process in which X-rays with energy levels below 10 keV interact with matter. In this type of scattering, the X-ray photons interact with atoms as a whole, causing the electrons within the atom to oscillate without being ejected. This results in a scattered X-ray photon with the same wavelength and energy as the incident photon.
The reason why electrons tend to absorb more energy than nuclei in interactions with ionizing radiation is based on the law of conservation of momentum and energy. Electrons are much lighter than nuclei and have a smaller mass, which means they can accelerate more easily and absorb more energy during collisions.