Final answer:
Classify a reaction as homogeneous catalysis if the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants, and as heterogeneous catalysis when the catalyst is in a different phase, usually solid. Homogeneous gives maximum collisions due to uniform dispersion, but can face issues like catalyst recovery and decomposition. Heterogeneous catalysis occurs on the solid catalyst surface, common in gas-phase reactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
To classify the room-temperature reactions as homogeneous catalysis or heterogeneous catalysis, one must consider the phases of the catalyst in comparison to the reactants. Homogeneous catalysis occurs when the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants, allowing for a maximum number of collisions due to the uniform dispersion of the catalyst throughout the reaction mixture. This typically occurs in liquid solutions where both the reactants and catalyst are in the same phase. However, homogeneous catalysis can have limitations such as the need for recovering expensive catalysts and a tendency for the catalysts to decompose at higher temperatures.
On the other hand, heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst that is in a different phase, usually solid, than that of the reactants. Reactions in heterogeneous catalysis typically take place on the surface of the catalyst. This type of catalysis is commonly seen in gas and liquid phase reactions where the reactants interact with a solid catalyst. An example of this would be the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons in car exhaust systems using solid catalysts like platinum.