Final answer:
Data that represents a subset of all possible values for a phenomenon being measured is called a sample. It is collected from either a population or a sample to test a hypothesis and can be qualitative or quantitative (discrete or continuous).
Step-by-step explanation:
Data which includes a subset of all of the possible values for a phenomenon that could be measured is called a sample. Data are individual items of information obtained from observations collected in a scientific investigation to test a hypothesis. They may come from a larger group known as a population, or from a sample, which is actually selected for the study and generally represents a subset of all possible cases that could be selected. Data can be classified into categories such as qualitative data, which includes labels or categories, and quantitative data, which can be further divided into discrete and continuous. Quantitative discrete data result from counting, such as the number of books on a shelf, while quantitative continuous data comes from measurements, such as distance or weight.