Final answer:
Antibodies function in the extracellular space to neutralize and mark pathogens for destruction, but cannot affect pathogens once they are inside a cell. Intracellular pathogens are targeted by the cellular immune response, which includes T cells. Therefore, it is false that antibodies can act both intracellularly and extracellularly.
Step-by-step explanation:
Antibodies act in the extracellular environment to neutralize pathogens and prevent them from entering and infecting host cells. The humoral immune response, which involves antibodies, is primarily directed against extracellular pathogens. Antibodies can coat pathogens and mark them for destruction or neutralize their infectivity; however, once a pathogen enters a cell, antibodies cannot affect it. Intracellular pathogens are generally targeted by the cellular immune response, which involves T cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and NK (natural killer) cells.
False, antibodies cannot act intracellularly. Intracellular pathogens are handled by cellular immunity, particularly T cells.
1. Antibodies are produced by a. plasma cells.
2. Cellular adaptive immunity is carried out by T cells.
9. Passive immunity may occur through the transfer of antibodies, as seen when antibodies are transmitted via breastfeeding.
12. Cells that directly kill pathogen-infected or cancerous cells are B. Killer T cells.
14. False. Immunization stimulates the active production of antibodies and is a form of active immunity, not passive immunity.
15. False. While antibodies transmitted from mother to child via breast milk provide protection, they do not cause the formation of memory B cells and long-term immunity; this is a characteristic of active immunity where the immune system is directly exposed to antigens.