Final answer:
Anaphylaxis, or anaphylactic shock, is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It is characterized by a rapid and systemic response to allergens, resulting in a drop in blood pressure and bronchial muscle contractions. Epinephrine is used as a life-saving treatment to counteract the effects of anaphylaxis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anaphylaxis, also known as anaphylactic shock, is a severe and potentially life-threatening type I hypersensitivity reaction. It is a rapid, systemic reaction to allergens that can lead to life-threatening symptoms. Anaphylactic shock is characterized by a drop in blood pressure (shock) and contractions of bronchial smooth muscle caused by systemic mast cell degranulation when an allergen is ingested, injected, or inhaled.
Epinephrine is commonly used to counteract the effects of anaphylaxis, as it raises blood pressure and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Patients with known severe allergies are encouraged to keep automatic epinephrine injectors with them at all times to prevent fatal outcomes. Anaphylaxis is treated as a medical emergency, and prompt treatment is essential.