Final answer:
Extreme dehydration causes a high concentration of sodium in the blood, resulting in a condition called hypernatremia. This condition is due to water loss, which concentrates blood constituents like sodium, and may be exacerbated by hormonal imbalances affecting ADH and aldosterone.
Step-by-step explanation:
Conditions of extreme dehydration result in the subsequent high concentration of sodium in the blood. This condition is known as hypernatremia, which is an abnormal increase in blood sodium levels. When dehydration occurs, there is a loss of water without adequate replacement, resulting in hemoconcentration of all blood constituents, including sodium. Factors such as severe vomiting, diarrhea, and excessive sweating can contribute to water loss.
Moreover, hormonal imbalances involving antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone can impact sodium levels in the blood. In the case of dehydration, the body's attempt to conserve water triggers mechanisms that lead to increased sodium reabsorption, exacerbating hypernatremia.