Final answer:
An electron gains 1 electronvolt (eV) of energy when it accelerates through a 1-V potential difference.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question regarding the amount of energy an electron receives when accelerating through a 1-V potential difference is a basic physics concept related to electric potential and the movement of charges. It can be answered by stating that an electron gains an energy of 1 electronvolt (eV) when it is accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt because by definition, 1 eV is the amount of kinetic energy gained by an electron as it moves through an electric potential difference of 1 volt. In a real-world application, electrons within large accelerators like the ones at CERN or Fermilab are subjected to numerous accelerating potential differences, thus gaining significant amounts of energy as they gain speed and approach the speed of light.