Final answer:
The question pertains to mechanical deformation in materials, with descriptions of elastic, plastic, shear, and tensile deformation, including the Elastic Modulus, and highlighting the reversibility of elastic deformation and the irreversibility of plastic deformation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question presented pertains to the concepts of mechanical deformation in materials, specifically how a square plate experiences different types of deformation due to applied stresses. When external forces are applied to an object, these forces can cause various types of deformation, such as changes in length (tensile or compressive), changes in shape (shear deformation), and changes in volume.
In the context of the question, elastic deformation refers to the reversible changes in an object where the material returns to its original state once the applied stress is removed. This is dominated by the Elastic Modulus, also known as Young's modulus, which relates to the tensile or compressive stress experienced by a material.
The concept of plastic deformation describes the irreversible changes in the shape or size of an object that occur when the stress exceeds the elastic limit of the material. This can continue up to a fracture point where the material breaks. Shear deformation, on the other hand, occurs due to sideways shear stress, resulting in a shape change that is quantified by a shear modulus. Tensile deformation is associated with elongation due to tensile stress.