Final answer:
When a 12.0-V battery is connected to a capacitor, the charge flows from one terminal to the other terminal through the capacitor. The amount of charge that flows is determined by the capacitance of the capacitor and the potential difference across it.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a 12.0-V battery is connected to a capacitor, the charge flows from one terminal of the battery to the other terminal, through the capacitor. The amount of charge that flows is determined by the capacitance of the capacitor and the potential difference across the capacitor.
For example, if the capacitor has a capacitance of 2.0 microfarads and the potential difference across the capacitor is 8.0 V, the charge flowing from the battery to the capacitor would be Q = C × V = (2.0 µF) × (8.0 V) = 16.0 μC.
Similarly, if the potential difference across the capacitor is 4.0 V and the capacitance is 4.0 microfarads, the charge flowing from the battery to the capacitor would be Q = C × V = (4.0 µF) × (4.0 V) = 16.0 μC.