Final answer:
Charles Darwin introduced the term 'natural selection' to describe the evolutionary process where organisms with favorable traits have a higher chance of survival and reproduction, leading to changes in a population over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The evolutionary term that Charles Darwin introduced from his findings on his journey is natural selection. During his travels aboard the HMS Beagle, Darwin made critical observations of diverse species that led him to develop his theory of evolution. This theory proposed that in nature, organisms compete for resources and that those with adaptive traits have a better chance of survival and reproduction, passing on their advantageous traits to their offspring. The process through which favorable traits become more common in a population over time and lead to evolutionary changes is known as natural selection, an essential component of Darwin's theory of evolution.