Final answer:
The Gupta Empire was established in northern India and is considered a golden age in ancient Indian civilization, lasting from roughly 320 CE to 550 CE. It was known for advances in the arts, sciences, and culture, including the creation of the number zero and significant literary works.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Gupta Empire was established in northern India and marked one of the high points in the history of ancient Indian civilization. The empire was founded by Maharaja Sri Gupta, and it flourished from approximately 320 CE to 550 CE. It is well-known for significant advancements in the arts, science, and culture. During the reign of the Gupta dynasty, India saw a classical age where literature, such as the Mahabharata and Ramayana, prospered, and Sanskrit became a prominent language of scholarship.
The Gupta period was marked by extensive governance with a bureaucracy, tax system, and salaried officials. The economy prospered with advancements in metallurgy, and significant scientific progress was made, including the invention of the number zero, precise calculations of π (pi), and accurate astronomical measurements. The Gupta rulers expanded their territory, which included the annexation of the northern portion of the Kushan Empire, and their control extended to southern parts of India as well.
However, by the early 7th century, the Gupta Empire began to decline, giving way to other empires such as the Pala and the Chola. Despite this, the era of the Gupta Empire is often remembered as a golden age of Indian culture and accomplishments that continue to influence civilization today.