Final answer:
Fisher projections are two-dimensional representations of molecules that show the configuration of chiral centers. They are used to visualize the orientation of atoms along a C-C bond. Fisher projections can be converted to Haworth projections for cyclic structures by following specific steps.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fisher projections are two-dimensional representations of molecules that show the configuration of chiral centers. They use a cross-shaped projection with the chiral center in the plane of the page. Horizontal lines represent bonds projecting towards the viewer, while vertical lines represent bonds projecting away from the viewer. The parent carbon chain is placed on the vertical line, with the most oxidized carbon at the top or near the top end.
Fisher projections can be converted to Haworth projections for cyclic structures by following a series of steps. These include rotating the Fisher projection, moving certain groups in the projection, and rotating particular bonds in the cyclic conformation. Figure 5.3.1 provides a visual explanation of this conversion process.