Final answer:
To calculate the maximum velocity of an object, like a pendulum or skier, the principles of energy conversion and system-specific factors like stiffness and mass must be considered. Real-world forces like friction and air resistance typically reduce the actual velocity from the theoretical maximum.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the maximum velocity of slider b, we must consider the physical scenarios presented and the concepts involved in determining maximum velocity in various systems. In the case of a pendulum or a mass-spring system, maximum velocity is achieved when the moving object passes through the equilibrium point. For a pendulum, this maximum velocity can be calculated using conservation of energy principles, where potential energy at the highest point is converted to kinetic energy at the lowest point. Similarly, for a mass-spring system, the maximum velocity occurs as the mass passes through the equilibrium position, with velocity being proportional to the square root of the spring constant and inversely proportional to the square root of the mass. In the case of the skier, maximum velocity would theoretically be achieved at the bottom of the slope, assuming no friction or air resistance, by converting all gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy. However, in the real world, air resistance and friction would prevent the skier from reaching this theoretical maximum velocity.