Final answer:
The provided chemical equation for the synthesis of aspirin is already balanced. The theoretical and actual yields can be calculated using stoichiometry and the given masses. The reaction rate of hydrolysis of aspirin is determined based on concentration changes over time, influenced by conditions like pH and temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chemical equation provided for the synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride is written as C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 → C9H8O4 + HC2H3O2. To balance this equation, we need to ensure that the number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides of the reaction. However, the given equation is already balanced as written, with one molecule of salicylic acid (C7H6O3) reacting with one molecule of acetic anhydride (C4H6O3) to produce one molecule of aspirin (C9H8O4) and one molecule of acetic acid (HC2H3O2).
To calculate the theoretical yield and actual yield, you first need the molar masses of the reactants and products. Then, you can determine the theoretical yield based on stoichiometry and compare it to the actual mass of aspirin isolated to find the percentage yield. For the example given, where 12.66 g of salicylic acid are reacted, we would use the molar mass of salicylic acid to find out how many moles were used, and then using the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, determine how many grams of aspirin would theoretically be obtained if the reaction went to completion. The file titled 'LibreTexts' would be a good source to look up the necessary molar masses and other relevant data.
The reaction rate of hydrolysis of aspirin is important for understanding how aspirin converts back to salicylic acid in the body. This rate can be influenced by various factors, such as pH and temperature. The aspirin hydrolysis data in the given tables and figures show the concentrations of aspirin and salicylic acid against time, which could be used to determine the reaction rates.