Final answer:
A manometer is used to measure fluid pressure, with an open-ended type including atmospheric pressure in its measurements and closed-ended type relying solely on liquid height differential. Changes in pressure can affect the reading on the manometer, reflecting as a difference in liquid levels in its arms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves determining the new differential reading along the inclined leg of a manometer. A manometer is a device used for measuring the pressure of a fluid by balancing the fluid with a column of liquid of known density. The differential reading is the difference in height between the fluid levels in the two arms of the manometer.
In an open-ended manometer, such as in Figure 11.14, the gas pressure is measured by the height difference of the liquid in the two arms plus the atmospheric pressure. When measuring liquids, such as in a graduated cylinder, it's important to read at the bottom of the meniscus. In contrast, a closed-ended manometer measures gas pressure purely by the height difference as it doesn't include atmospheric pressure.
To measure changes in pressure, we can refer to examples like that of an open-end Hg manometer or scenarios involving changes in fluid pressure due to wind speed, as discussed in the context of the pitot tube (Figure 14.32). It is also noted that liquid height changes in the manometer as a result of changes in pressure at the second opening, as reported by puz, where u represents the velocity of the gas and z the height increment.