Final Answer:
1. Empirical: Paradigm based on observation and experimentation.
2. Constructivist: Paradigm focusing on subjective realities constructed by individuals.
Explanation:
The empirical paradigm centers on observation, experimentation, and the collection of data to understand phenomena. It emphasizes objectivity and empirical evidence to develop theories and make predictions about the world.
This approach is prevalent in scientific disciplines where theories are formed and validated through experimentation and observation. Empirical paradigms rely on observable facts and data-driven analysis to derive conclusions about natural or social phenomena.
In contrast, the constructivist paradigm emphasizes subjective realities that individuals construct based on their experiences and interpretations. It suggests that knowledge is not objective and universal but rather shaped by personal experiences, cultural backgrounds, and social contexts. This paradigm is often prominent in social sciences and humanities, focusing on understanding multiple perspectives and acknowledging the influence of societal and cultural factors on individual beliefs and behaviors.
Understanding these paradigms helps researchers choose appropriate methods for inquiry, guiding their approach to collecting and interpreting data. Depending on the nature of the research question and the desired outcomes, scholars might lean towards either empirical or constructivist paradigms, each offering unique insights into the phenomenon under investigation.