Final answer:
The two muscles in the back of the leg that pull upward on the Achilles tendon are the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle. When these muscles contract, they cause plantar flexion of the foot.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two muscles in the back of the leg that pull upward on the Achilles tendon are the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle. The gastrocnemius muscle is a powerful calf muscle that helps to flex the foot and point the toes. When these muscles contract, they pull upward on the Achilles tendon, causing plantar flexion of the foot.