Final answer:
To find the closed-loop transfer functions g(s) and h(s), we use the formula y(s)/r(s) = g(s)/(1 + g(s)h(s)).
Step-by-step explanation:
The open-loop transfer function, y(s)/r(s) = b(s)/a(s), represents the transfer function of a system without any feedback. To find the closed-loop transfer functions g(s) and h(s), we use the formula y(s)/r(s) = g(s)/(1 + g(s)h(s)).
We can rewrite the equation as g(s) = y(s)/r(s) / (1 - y(s)/r(s)).
To find h(s), we need to determine the transfer function of the feedback path. In this case, h(s) = 1.