Final answer:
In Physics, specifically thermodynamics, we calculate the final temperature of water in a piston-cylinder assembly after heat transfer from expanding gas using principles of work and heat capacity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question is Physics, specifically the principles of thermodynamics and energy transfer within a piston-cylinder assembly. The scenario involves computing the change in water temperature as a result of heat transfer from the expanding gas in the piston-cylinder setup. When gas in the piston expands against a constant pressure from 3L to 18L, it performs work on the surroundings which, in this case, is transferring heat to 150g of water initially at 25°C. To find the final temperature of the water, we must apply the concept of energy conservation, where the energy gained by the water is equal to the work done by the expanding gas.
Work done by the gas can be calculated using the formula W = P∇V, where W is the work done, P is the constant external pressure, and ∇V is the change in volume. Since 1 L·atm = 101.325 J, the work done in joules can be found and then converted using the specific heat capacity of water to find the increase in temperature. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J K⁻¹g⁻¹, which allows us to calculate the change in temperature using the formula ∆T = Q/(m⋅c), where Q is the heat added to the water, m is the mass of the water, and c is the specific heat capacity.