Final answer:
When additional downward force is applied to a block at rest on a table, the normal force exerted by the table becomes greater than the weight of the block to keep it stationary.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you push down on a block at rest on a table, the normal force exerted by the table on the block is greater than the weight of the block. This is because you are adding more force to the block, in addition to its weight due to gravity, that must be counteracted by the table. Consequently, the table exerts a larger upward force to support both the weight of the block and the additional force you are applying. If the block remains stationary, this means that the table must deform slightly, and just like a spring, it exerts a restoring force that is equal to the sum of the block's weight and the force you are applying.