Final answer:
The process of action potential propagation along the axon of a neuron involves depolarization, repolarization, and the role of voltage-gated ion channels. Voltage-gated Na+ channels open during depolarization, allowing Na+ ions to enter the cell and spread the depolarization. Repolarization occurs when voltage-gated K+ channels open, allowing K+ ions to exit the cell. Voltage-gated ion channels play a crucial role in this process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of action potential propagation along the axon of a neuron involves depolarization, repolarization, and the role of voltage-gated ion channels. When the action potential is initiated at the beginning of the axon, voltage-gated Na+ channels open and Na+ ions enter the cell, causing depolarization. As the depolarization spreads, new voltage-gated Na+ channels open, allowing more ions to rush into the cell and spreading the depolarization farther. Repolarization occurs when voltage-gated K+ channels open, allowing K+ ions to exit the cell and restore the cell's negative internal charge. Voltage-gated ion channels play a crucial role in the propagation of the action potential by opening and closing in response to changes in membrane potential.