Final answer:
The textbook recommends a blame-the-system argument to understand social inequality, reflecting structural causes rather than individual failings. Scapegoat theory aligns with blaming dominant groups, while dependency theory highlights exploitation by core nations on a global scale. Liberation theology uses religion to combat social injustice. The correct answer is option: c. blame-the-system.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order to effectively understand the aspects of social inequality, the textbook advocates a blame-the-system argument. This approach examines structural and systemic factors that contribute to inequality, rather than attributing responsibility to individuals or groups who are disadvantaged within the social hierarchy.
The theory most applicable here would be the scapegoat theory, which states that dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems. The blame-the-victim or just-world hypothesis can lead to negative consequences, such as victim-blaming, where individuals in unfavorable circumstances, like those in poverty, are blamed for their own situation due to a belief in a just world where everyone gets what they deserve.
Regarding global inequality, dependency theorists would argue that core nations exploit peripheral nations, leading to a pattern of inequality on a global scale. As for gender inequality, the division of labor is seen through a functionalist perspective.
With healthcare, the inequalities related to class, race, and gender indicate a conflict theoretical perspective, highlighting how power and access to resources can vary across different social groups.
In the realm of religion and social justice, the use of a church to combat social injustice is known as liberation theology. This approach integrates Christian theology with political activism to address issues of social injustice.