Final answer:
General acid/base catalysis, covalent catalysis, and catalysis by approximation are three different types of catalytic processes. Acid/base catalysis involves the transfer of a proton, covalent catalysis involves the formation of coordinate covalent bonds, and catalysis by approximation occurs when reactants are brought close together. Examples from chemistry are provided for each type of catalysis.
Step-by-step explanation:
General acid/base catalysis involves the transfer of a proton (H*) in a reaction. One example of this type of catalysis is the reaction of acids with metals or bases. Covalent catalysis involves the formation of coordinate covalent bonds, with one species donating an electron pair and another accepting it. An example of this is Lewis acid-base chemistry. Catalysis by approximation occurs when the reactants are brought into close proximity, facilitating the reaction. An example of this type of catalysis is the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to hydrogen carbonate in carbonic anhydrase.