Final answer:
An n-type semiconductor conducts electrons, while a p-type semiconductor conducts holes. The Hall effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a magnetic field creates a voltage difference across a conductor carrying current.
Step-by-step explanation:
An n-type semiconductor is a dop-ed semiconductor that conducts electrons. In n-type semiconductors, impurities are added to the crystal lattice to create free electrons, which carry the current. On the other hand, a p-type semiconductor is a dop-ed semiconductor that conducts holes instead of electrons. In p-type semiconductors, impurities are added to create vacant spaces for electrons, known as holes, which contribute to the current flow.
The Hall effect is the phenomenon where a magnetic field applied perpendicular to a conductor carrying current creates a voltage difference across the conductor. This effect can be used to measure the magnetic field strength and the type of charge carriers (electrons or holes) in a material. It is significant in various fields such as solid-state physics, materials science, and engineering.