Final answer:
Massed practice is equivalent to cramming, while distributed practice relates to studying over extended periods. Option 1) Cramming, Studying is the correct match, and this approach is grounded in psychological theories that promote deeper processing of information for better memorization.
Step-by-step explanation:
Massed practice is the technique of studying intensively over a short period of time, often referred to as cramming. In contrast, distributed practice involves spreading out study sessions over a longer period of time, which allows for better consolidation of memories and higher chances of retaining the information in long-term memory. Therefore, the correct match for the given question would be:
Massed practice is to cramming as distributed practice is to studying.
This pairing corresponds to option 1) Cramming, Studying. The use of distributed practice is supported by the levels of processing theory and the self-reference effect, which suggest that deeply processing and personalizing information can enhance memorization.