Final answer:
The probability that one of two people favors a tax increase cannot be determined with the given data. The information provided describes the economic incentives of townspeople and factory owners regarding a potential tax increase, highlighting their willingness to spend money based on potential gains or losses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking for the probability that one of two people favors a tax increase. To calculate this, we would need data on the individuals' positions regarding the tax increase. However, based on the information provided, we can't directly answer the probability question. Instead, we can analyze the economic incentives for different groups in the town. For instance, the townspeople and the factory owners have opposing financial interests regarding the tax increase.
With 10,000 townspeople each standing to gain $300, their collective potential benefit is $3 million. If the tax passes, they should be willing to spend up to this amount to ensure its passage. On the other hand, the two factory owners would lose $1 million each, totaling a loss of $2 million. They should be willing to spend up to this amount to prevent the tax increase. However, these willingness-to-pay values are theoretical, as actual lobbying investments might be less due to uncertainties.