Final answer:
COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, is a lung disease resulting in poor airflow and chronic respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath and coughing up phlegm. It is primarily caused by tobacco smoking, which damages alveolar walls, reducing gas exchange capabilities. While there is no cure for COPD, quitting smoking can slow its progression, and vaccinations are essential for preventing further complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
What Disease Does COPD Affect:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects the lungs and is characterized by poor airflow and chronic respiratory symptoms. The main symptoms of this disease include persistent shortness of breath and coughing with phlegm production. Over time, activities such as walking upstairs become increasingly difficult for those with COPD. Tobacco smoking is the primary cause of COPD, leading to a breakdown of alveolar walls and a decrease in the gas exchange surface area. Other factors contributing to the development of COPD include air pollution and genetic predispositions. Exposure to secondhand smoke also poses a significant risk and accounts for about 20% of the cases.
Preventative measures against COPD predominantly involve avoiding cigarette smoke. For individuals already diagnosed with COPD, quitting smoking can decelerate the progression of the disease. Treatments for COPD may include supplemental oxygen and inhaled bronchodilators, but there is no definitive cure aside from lung transplantation in severe cases. Keeping up with vaccinations is vital for individuals with COPD to prevent complications such as pneumonia.