Final answer:
The nurse addressing the 14 fundamental needs is following Virginia Henderson's Nursing Need Theory. Options A-D do not match Henderson's model, but Watson's Theory of Human Caring aligns closest in spirit. Nonetheless, the correct answer, Virginia Henderson, is not listed in the provided options.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nurse caring for a patient with chronic renal failure and addressing the 14 fundamental needs of the patient is following Virginia Henderson's Nursing Need Theory. These needs are part of her nursing model, which describes the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the person), or complementary (working with the person), with the goal of helping the patient become as independent as possible. Among the four options given, none directly align with Henderson's 14 fundamental needs, which suggests there may be an issue with the question as it is presented. However, to address the question as closely as possible:
A) Nightingale's Environmental Theory focuses mainly on the patient's environment.
B) Watson's Theory of Human Caring emphasizes caring relationships and the holistic nature of human beings.
C) Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory is about patient's ability to perform self-care.
D) Roy's Adaptation Model deals with how individuals adapt to change.
Henderson's approach isn't listed, but Watson's Theory of Human Caring would be the closest choice in spirit, considering its focus on caring. However, the best match for the “14 fundamental needs” is Virginia Henderson's model, which is not one of the choices provided.