Answer:
2. a) by using quotes and paraphrasing
3. d) Use the thesis statement and reasons that support the thesis statement as an outline.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you are writing an essay, you want to include evidence in the form of quotes or by paraphrasing so that you support your claim and the reader will believe you. It is not a good idea to make up the facts, and only quoting or only paraphrasing will bore the reader.
When outlining, it is best to use the reasons in your thesis or claim to form the basic structure of the paper, then support those reasons with evidence.