Final answer:
The statement about positive correlation suggesting health benefits is false; correlation does not imply causation or benefits. The assertion that both allergies and autoimmune diseases are caused by an overactive immune system is true, as both involve the immune system reacting inappropriately.
Step-by-step explanation:
True or False: A positive correlation means there are health benefits to the variable under investigation. This statement is False. A positive correlation indicates that there is a relationship between two variables in which they both move in the same direction. However, this doesn't necessarily mean that there are health benefits. For example, if there's a positive correlation between the consumption of high-sugar foods and the prevalence of diabetes, this does not imply a health benefit.
True or False: Allergies and autoimmune diseases both result from an over-reactive immune system. This statement is True. Both allergies and autoimmune diseases involve the immune system reacting inappropriately. Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to a typically harmless substance, known as an allergen. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, mistaking them for harmful pathogens.