Final answer:
A breast self-exam (BSE) involves both a visual and physical examination. It should be done monthly to identify any changes, such as lumps or asymmetry that may indicate breast cancer. Early detection through monthly self-exams can lead to better outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
How to Perform a Breast Self-Examination
To perform a breast self-exam (BSE), one should begin by standing in front of a mirror with the shoulders straight and hands on the hips. Visually inspect the breasts for any changes in size, shape, or symmetry. Look for dimpling, puckering, or changes in the skin or nipples. Next, with hands still on hips, press down firmly to flex chest muscles. Minor asymmetry is normal, but larger changes should be noted.
The physical part of the exam involves lying down and using the opposite hand to feel each breast with a firm, smooth touch. Use the first few finger pads and keep the fingers flat and together. Move in a circular motion, about the size of a quarter, and follow a pattern to cover the whole breast. Be sure to check the entire breast area, from the collarbone to the top of the abdomen, and also from the armpit to the cleavage. Then, perform the same palpation while standing or sitting, which can help to identify different breast changes.
Finally, one should squeeze each nipple gently to check for discharge. BSE should be done monthly, ideally at the same time each month.
Girls should begin monthly self-exams of their breasts to detect early changes, which can include lumps or subtle differences. The outcome for breast cancer is considerably better when caught and treated early, making this self-exam practice crucial for lifelong health maintenance.