Final answer:
Circuit Courts are the major trial courts capable of trying and deciding any case, including hearing appeals from a lower court. Originally, they held trials for federal criminal and some civil cases but now mainly serve an appellate function, reviewing cases from trial courts. They are an integral part of both the state and federal judicial systems.
b) Circuit Courts
Step-by-step explanation:
The major trial courts with the power and authority to try and decide any case, including appeals from a lower court, are b) Circuit Courts. Circuit courts were initially established as the trial courts for most federal criminal cases and some civil suits.
Every state has its own court system generally consisting of trial courts, appellate courts, and a state supreme court. Trial courts, including traffic and small claims courts, handle a wide range of issues and are the first level in the state's judiciary system.
In the federal system, the U.S. courts of appeals, also known as circuit courts, serve as the intermediate appellate courts. These courts are responsible for reviewing the rulings of trial (district) courts within their respective circuits. Jurisdictionally, these courts occupy a level below the U.S. Supreme Court.