Final answer:
Transient pain after exercising that usually starts hours later and lasts up to a week is known as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers. Preventive measures include proper warm-ups and allowing sufficient rest between workouts. Treatment for DOMS can include the PRICE guidelines and NSAIDs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pathophysiology associated with transient pain after exercising that usually begins hours after the activity and can last up to a week is known as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). DOMS is characterized by soreness and is thought to be caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers resulting from excessive strain. This is different from the pain caused by lactic acid buildup, which disperses shortly after exercise and is therefore unlikely to be responsible for the discomfort felt days later. The tiny tears in the muscle fibers that lead to DOMS occur when muscles are overworked beyond their current capacity for strength or endurance. These microtears trigger an inflammatory response that results in muscle soreness, stiffness, and swelling. Proper warm-up exercises, incremental increases in intensity, and allowing sufficient recovery time between workouts can help minimize the risk of experiencing DOMS. Treatment may involve rest, ice, compression, elevation (the PRICE guidelines), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage inflammation and pain.
Physical therapies and a gradual return to exercise as the muscles heal and strengthen can help prevent recurrence. Stretching and warming up prior to intense physical activities are essential to prepare the muscles and tendons for the stress to come, thus preventing injuries and reducing the severity of DOMS.