Final answer:
The positions to ensure safety and comfort for heart failure and pulmonary edema are High Fowler's position, Semi-Fowler's position, and Sims' position.
Step-by-step explanation:
The positions to ensure safety and comfort for heart failure and pulmonary edema are:
A) High Fowler's position: This position involves the patient sitting upright with the head of the bed raised to 90 degrees and the knees slightly bent. This helps to improve breathing by reducing pressure on the diaphragm and promoting lung expansion.
B) Semi-Fowler's position: In this position, the patient is positioned with the head of the bed raised between 30 to 45 degrees. It helps to improve oxygenation and reduce shortness of breath.
C) Sims' position: This position involves the patient lying on the left side with the left leg straight and the right leg bent. It helps to reduce pressure on the heart and improve blood flow.
D) Lithotomy position: This position is not suitable for heart failure and pulmonary edema patients as it involves lying on the back with the legs flexed and the thighs apart. It is commonly used for gynecological and urinary procedures.