Final answer:
Antihypertensives can indeed affect a surgical client, maintaining blood pressure above 60 is necessary for filtration, epinephrine is used for anaphylactic shock, a hypotonic solution can cause cell rupture, and angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor.
Step-by-step explanation:
Antihypertensives are indeed substances that can affect a patient undergoing surgery. During surgery, maintaining proper systemic blood pressure is crucial for ensuring adequate filtration and tissue perfusion. A systolic blood pressure below 60 mmHg is considered too low as it might impair filtration and oxygen delivery to tissues, hence the statement is true.
In cases of anaphylactic shock, epinephrine is the drug of choice as it can rapidly counteract the severe allergic reactions by improving breathing, stimulating the heart, and raising a dropping blood pressure.
If a patient's red blood cells burst after being injected with a solution, it suggests that the solution was not isotonic as it should cause no net movement of water into or out of the cells. This bursting, known as hemolysis, indicates that the solution was likely hypotonic, leading to the influx of water into the cells and their subsequent rupture.
Lastly, angiotensin II is an example of a vasoconstrictor which means it narrows blood vessels, thereby increasing blood pressure. Opioids, on the other hand, are generally used as painkillers and not typically to lower blood pressure.