Question

What are the possible causes of hypervolemia as a PN complication?

A) Infection, fever, and dehydration
B) Contaminated PN solution, improper tubing connection, and air entering the IV line
C) High glucose levels, insulin resistance, and poor glycemic control
D) Excessive fluid intake, heart failure, and renal dysfunction

Answer 1

Hypervolemia as a PN complication can be caused by excessive fluid intake, heart failure, and renal dysfunction. It results from the body's retention of water and sodium and management involves treating the underlying condition to restore fluid balance.

Step-by-step explanation:

The possible causes of hypervolemia as a complication of parenteral nutrition (PN) can include excessive fluid intake, heart failure, and renal dysfunction. Hypervolemia, or excessive fluid volume, may occur when the body retains water and sodium due to conditions such as heart failure, liver cirrhosis, certain kidney diseases, hyperaldosteronism, or due to glucocorticoid steroid treatments.

Managing hypervolemia involves addressing the underlying condition that caused the fluid retention. For instance, managing heart failure and renal dysfunction can help in correcting the fluid imbalance and restoring homeostasis. Introducing excessive fluids during PN, especially in patients with compromised heart or kidney function, could exacerbate the condition leading to hypervolemia, and careful monitoring is essential to avoid this complication.