Final answer:
A pathologic fracture is a type of fracture that is spontaneous and usually caused by disease, such as osteoporosis or osteomyelitis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of fracture that is spontaneous and usually caused by disease is called a pathologic fracture.
Pathologic fractures occur when a bone is weakened by a disease such as osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, or cancer. The weakened bone can fracture with minimal force or even spontaneously.
For example, a person with osteoporosis may experience a pathologic fracture in their hip or wrist simply from a minor fall or even from everyday activities.