Final answer:
In 'A Christmas Carol,' staves 4 and 5 contain allusions to Easter bells and Saint Nicholas, which symbolize remembrance and generosity, aligning with Scrooge's transformation. They also comment on social issues like wealth disparity and offer a moral lesson on social responsibility.
Step-by-step explanation:
In A Christmas Carol, various allusions are made in staves 4 and 5 that reference cultural and historical elements. One such allusion could be to 'the Easter bells' that represent a call to remembrance and reflection, particularly within the context of the resurrection and the associated notions of rebirth and renewal, aligning with the transformation of the protagonist, Ebenezer Scrooge. In stave 5, the reformed Scrooge embodies the spirit of Christmas and becomes a benefactor to those around him, echoing the traditional role of Saint Nicholas or Father Christmas as a giver of gifts and symbolizing the idea of generosity.
Additionally, references in these staves draw parallels to contemporary social issues and invite a wider commentary on human behavior and society during Charles Dickens' time. For example, there is the juxtaposition of the Christmas celebrations against the struggles of the poor, pointing to contrasts of wealth and poverty, joy and suffering. The narrative itself serves as a moral lesson and reflection on social responsibility, which is alluded to through the interactions and changes seen in Scrooge's character in contrast to other figures in society mentioned throughout the story.