Final answer:
The upper end of a column designed to support the entablature or architrave is called a capital, which serves both a functional and decorative purpose in classical architecture, exemplified by Ionic and Corinthian styles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of a column being described is known as the capital. This element crowns the shaft and supports the entablature or architrave, spreading out the load from above. Architectural details and variations of capitals include the Iconic and Corinthian Capitals. The Ionic capital features a characteristic scroll shape, often found in classical architecture, while the Corinthian capital is notable for its acanthus leaf decoration. These capitals sit atop columns which may exhibit fluting—the vertical grooves that give columns their distinctive texture. Columns can be free-standing or engaged, such as the engaged columns that are part of the wall and support the structure. Another type of column-like feature, mainly decorative, is the pilaster. It resembles a flat column and is attached to the wall without supporting function.