Final answer:
The therapeutic effect of dobutamine hydrochloride in the treatment of heart failure is to increase cardiac output and renal perfusion, with increased urine output being a key indicator of improved heart function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The therapeutic effect of dobutamine hydrochloride in the treatment of heart failure is primarily to improve cardiac output by increasing the force of myocardial contraction. This is due to dobutamine acting as a positive inotrope, thus it increases the force of the heart's contractions. The correct answer to the question regarding the therapeutic effect of dobutamine hydrochloride by continuous IV infusion for a client with heart failure is C) Increased urine output, as this indicates the medication is effectively increasing cardiac output and renal perfusion. This increased cardiac output and renal perfusion can lead to an increase in urine output, which is a sign that the heart is pumping more effectively and the kidneys are being better perfused.